OLD DOGS

Selective hearing: Old dogs only listen to what they want to hear

The latest research of the Senior Family Dog Project, Eötvös Loránd University, published in Scientific Reports, investigated how dogs’ reactivity changes with age toward different sounds. In human aging, a phenomenon named the positivity effect has been described, which means that older people pay less attention to and remember worse on stimuli displaying unpleasant, negative emotions. Consequently, they rience relatively more positive emotions. Currently, there are multiple theories among scientists as to what can be the underlying cause of this shift. The researchers were interested in whether a similar phenomenon can be found among aging dogs, too.

They played back three types of human sounds to young and old dogs: positive sounds (laughs), negative sounds (crying) and neutral sounds (hiccup and cough). This design allowed us to determine whether old dogs are less reactive toward sound playbacks altogether, toward emotional sounds in general or only toward a specific emotion category-explains Dóra Szabó, the first author of the article.

40 dogs were analysed in the study, where the researchers measured dogs’ spontaneous reactions while their owners were reading a magazine and listening to music (so they could not hear the test sounds).

The results showed that old dogs react slower only to negative/crying sounds, in line with the age-related positivity effects, while their reaction time did not differ toward other sounds and they were paying just as much attention to the sounds as young dogs did.

So far, this effect was thought to only exist in humans, dogs are the first non-human species where this phenomenon has been described. This puts the theories trying to explain its emergence in a new perspective, as we think it less likely that dogs would consciously reflect upon their longevity and ultimate death. The results suggest that brain aging affects emotion processing similarly in dogs and humans, confirming that the family dog is an especially useful and valuable model of human aging. - summarizes Enikő Kubinyi, senior author of the study.

Link to the original publication: Smit, I. Szabo, D., Kubinyi, E. (2019). Age-related positivity effect on behavioural responses of dogs to human vocalisations. Scientific Reports, 9, 20201 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56636-z

IT

I cambiamenti del cervello legati all’età possono alterare il modo in cui le emozioni vengono elaborate. Nell’uomo, ad esempio, con l’aumentare dell’età ci sono dei cambiamenti cognitivi per cui il cervello (funzionalmente attenzione e memoria) filtra stimoli positivi e negativi, reagendo prima e più volentieri ai primi ed ignorando/evitando i secondi. Fino ad ora questo comportamento era ritenuto un’esclusiva umana, ma a stravolgere tutto è questo studio che per la prima volta mostra lo stesso comportamento nei cani anziani. 

L’esperimento è stato condotto su 40 cani di famiglia ( 21 giovani tra 1 e 5 anni; e 19 cani anziani con più di 10 anni) ai quali (in compagnia del proprio riferimento umano), sono stati presentati sia stimoli sonori positivi (risata), sia neutri (colpo di tosse) che negativi (pianto) e quel che è stato dimostrato è che i cani anziani reagivano prima e più volentieri agli stimoli positivi, manifestando il comportamento filtro del cervello in età avanzata; mentre i cani più giovani reagivano con la medesima frequenza a qualunque stimolo (vedi video).

Ennesima prova che il rapporto con i nostri cani dà il meglio se basato su relazione e compresione l’uno dell’altro, piuttosto che su insensati atteggiamenti severi e violenti. Siate la famiglia del vostro cane e non i suoi padroni.

(Family Dog Project)